Legal Consequences of a Morally Defective (Fasiq) Instrumental Witness on the Execution of Sharia Financing Collateral: A Comparative Approach
Abstract
The disparity in the position of the instrumental witness in the creation of Sharia financing deeds originates from the collision between the formal rationality of positive law and the ontological values of Islamic law. Notarial practice tends to be oriented towards fulfilling administrative requirements without burdening the witness with material liability, whereas Islamic law absolutely demands the ‘adalah (highest moral integrity) qualification. This research aims to examine the dogmatic comparison of the instrumental witness position in both legal regimes and analyze its implications on the validity of the contract and the executory force of the Mortgage Right collateral. This research is a normative juridical study that utilizes the statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The research results indicate that the use of a witness with defective moral integrity (fasiq) degrades the evidentiary power of the deed into a private deed under positive law and renders the contract status fasid (attributively defective making it voidable) under Islamic law. The dogmatic consequences of this double defect in the principal agreement are fatal for the accessory instrument. The Mortgage Right guarantee certificate automatically loses its theological legitimacy foundation, thus becoming paralyzed in executing parate executie (direct execution clause) at the Religious Court. In conclusion, disregard for witness integrity undermines the entire legal protection framework for the creditor. Therefore, integrating the fiqh muamalah (Islamic commercial jurisprudence) into notarial technical guidelines is necessary to prevent administrative malpractice and safeguard the validity of Sharia economic transactions.
Downloads
References
Adam, P. M., Purba, H., Suprayitno, S., & Wau, H. S. M. (2024). The Legal Consequence of Fingerprint Forgery Substitute for Signature in Authentic Deed. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 6(2), 188-205. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v6i2.376
Al-Mawardi, I. (2020). Al-Ahkam As-Sulthaniyyah: Hukum-Hukum Penyelenggaraan Negara dalam Syariat Islam (Trans. by F. Bahri). Darul Falah. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=C9UJEAAAQBAJ
Al-Sarakhsi, M. I. A. (1993). Al-Mabsut. Dar al-Ma’arifah. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=KzRLwAEACAAJ
Ardhita, B. C. K., & Yunanto, Y. (2023). Juridical Analysis of the Implementation of Notary Public’s Authority in Making Deeds Related to the Land Sector. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(2), 312-323. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i2.298
Budiman, F. C., Sudarwanto, A. S., & Ismunarno, I. (2026). Judicial Silence on Administrative Malpractice: The Disregard of Notarial Repertorium in the Legal Considerations of Indonesian Supreme Court Decisions. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(2), 1227-1242. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i2.573
Chaniago, F. F. I., Setiadi, Y., & Ridwan, R. (2025). Perlindungan Hukum Notaris Terkait Gugatan Penghadap Atas Penggunaan Saksi Instrumenter dalam Pembuatan Akta Autentik. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, 4(11), 8253-8262. Retrieved from https://bajangjournal.com/index.php/jirk/article/view/10044
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 23 of 1847 on the Burgerlijk Wetboek voor Indonesie/the Civil Code. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-perdata/detail
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 496 of 1926 on the Herzien Inlandsch Reglement. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/herzien-inlandsch-reglement-hir/detail
Colonial Regulations, Staatsblad Number 227 of 1927 on Reglement tot Regeling van het Rechtswezen in de Gewesten Buiten Java en Madura. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/peraturan/detail/11e9da0a8acb021e8439313835303432.html
Dawud, A. (n.d.). Kitab Al-Aqdiyah: The One who’s Testimony Is to Be Rejected (3600). Sunnah. https://sunnah.com/abudawud:3600
Effendi, B., Qasthary, A., Angkasa, M. A., & Lestari, C. R. (2025). Harmonizing Law and Faith: The Validity of Female Instrumentaire Witnesses in Notarial Deeds and the Principle of Gender Justice. Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies, 11(2), 231-241. https://doi.org/10.22373/equality.v11i2.31950
Fauzan, F., Khalidin, B., & Maghfirah, I. (2020). Perspektif Hukum Islam terhadap Perlindungan Khusus bagi Pelapor dan Saksi Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang. Media Syari’ah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam dan Pranata Sosial, 22(2), 177-193. https://doi.org/10.22373/jms.v22i2.8017
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 238, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6841). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-2-tahun-2022
Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Mirra Buana Media.
Istiqomah, I. N., Sulistyarini, R., & Uyun, D. A. (2024). Kedudukan Saksi Instrumen di Pengadilan. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 8(1), 203-214. https://doi.org/10.31933/8fxk3695
Lajnah Pentashihan Mushaf Al-Qur’an. (2022). Qur’an Kemenag. Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. https://quran.kemenag.go.id
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 1996 on Mortgage Right over Land and Objects Related to Land (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1996 Number 42, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3632). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/475
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2004 on the Office of Notary Public (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 117, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4432). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/31
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2008 on Sharia Banking (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2008 Number 94, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4867). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/148
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 on the Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2004 on the Office of Notary Public (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 3, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5491). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/927
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2023 on Financial Sector Development and Strengthening (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 4, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6845). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1821
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2023 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 41, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6856). https://www.dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1825
Munir, S., Hidayati, R., & Sunardi, S. (2025). Prinsip Etik dalam Al-Quran tentang Profesi Notaris di Indonesia. Revelatia: Jurnal Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, 6(2), 150-161. https://doi.org/10.19105/revelatia.v6i2.19014
Nugraha, P. P., & Bagiastra, I. N. (2022). Perlindungan Hukum Pegawai Notaris sebagai Saksi Akta Otentik dalam Proses Peradilan Terkait Kerahasiaan Akta Otentik. Kertha Semaya: Journal Ilmu Hukum, 10(7), 1540-1549. https://doi.org/10.24843/ks.2022.v10.i07.p06
Oktavianti, P. C. (2021). Kedudukan Saksi Instrumenter dalam Merahasiakan Akta Otentik dan Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Saksi Instrumenter. Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(5), 2408-2417. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i5.2720
Prakoso, M. T. M., & Sukirno, S. (2023). Notary Ethics and Profession: The Consequences of Sanctions for Violating the Code of Ethics. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 114-125. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i1.266
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TAQHEAAAQBAJ
Qudamah, I. (2013). Al Mughni: Pembahasan Tentang Sumpah, Nadzar, Peradilan, Pembagian Hak Milik Bersama dan Kesaksian (Jilid 15). Pustaka Azzam. https://www.pustakaazzam.com/al-mughni-jilid-15.html
Rasyid, A. (2020). Kesaksian dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam. Jurnal el-Qanuniy: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kesyariahan dan Pranata Sosial, 6(1), 29-41. https://doi.org/10.24952/el-qanuniy.v6i1.2442
Regulation of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2008 on the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law. https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/perma-nomor-2-tahun-2008/detail
Rosadi, I. (2025). Telaah Filsafat Hukum Islam Terhadap Akad dalam Kebijakan Ekonomi Syariah. Equality: Journal of Islamic Law, 3(2), 193-208. https://doi.org/10.15575/ejil.v3i2.1978
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Setyowati, R. (2016). Notaris dalam Sengketa Perbankan Syariah. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 45(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.45.2.2016.131-139
Suwandi, L., Dewi, I., & Koeswarni, E. (2021). Keabsahan Akta Pengakuan dan Kuasa yang Dibuat oleh Notaris dengan Menjamin Hak Atas Tanah yang Dianggap Jual Beli Analisis Putusan Negeri Nomor 23/Pdt.G/2016/PN MRS. Indonesian Notary, 3(3), 585-605. Retrieved from https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/notary/vol3/iss3/25
Tauratiya, T., & Danni, R. (2024). Juridical Review of Instrumentair Witness Responsibility towards the Content of Notarial Deeds. Refleksi Hukum: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.24246/jrh.2023.v8.i1.p1-16
Wijaya, V. C., Afriana, A., & Baraba, B. (2023). Perlindungan Hukum Secara Keperdataan Bagi Klien Notaris yang Mengalami Kerugian Akibat Diterbitkannya Akta Autentik yang Cacat Hukum oleh Notaris. Acta Diurnal: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Kenotariatan, 7(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.23920/acta.v7i1.1332
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurluna Siti Syarah, Agung Iriantoro, Ricca Anggraeni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
