Recalibration of Authority in Handling Corruption Crimes after Law Number 20 of 2025: A KPK-Centered Investigation and Prosecution Model
Abstract
The handling of corruption crimes following Law Number 20 of 2025 presents a problem of authority configuration because the Police, the Public Prosecution Service, and the KPK each retain legal bases of authority under positive law. This institutional plurality supports corruption eradication, but it may also create overlapping jurisdictions, uneven coordination, and risks of institutional conflicts of interest. This study aims to analyse the configuration of authority in the handling of corruption crimes under Law Number 20 of 2025, examine the risks of institutional conflicts of interest, and formulate a normative legal protection model based on recalibrating authority. This study applies normative-doctrinal legal research using statute, conceptual, and analytical-prescriptive approaches through the examination of primary and secondary legal materials. The findings show that, de lege lata, corruption crimes are still handled by a plurality of authorities, including the Police, the Public Prosecution Service, and the KPK. However, this plurality has not yet been supported by an operational design capable of determining the functional controller in a clear, objective, and accountable manner. This study formulates a de lege ferenda model of functional centralisation of the investigation and prosecution of corruption crimes within the KPK, while still allowing the involvement of Police personnel and Attorneys through an assignment mechanism within the Commission’s structure. This model requires amendments to sectoral Laws, strengthening of the KPK’s institutional capacity, coordination standards, ethical oversight, and institutional evaluation to reinforce legal certainty, independence, accountability, and the effectiveness of corruption eradication.
Downloads
References
Adam, I., & Fazekas, M. (2021). Are Emerging Technologies Helping Win the Fight against Corruption? A Review of the State of Evidence. Information Economics and Policy, 57, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infoecopol.2021.100950
Al-Fatih, S., Thahir, P. S., & Ghapa, N. (2025). Codifying Anti-Corruption Law in Indonesia: A Legal Necessity for Harmonization. IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies), 10(2), 379-416. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v10i2.22766
Arsyad, N., Husen, L. O., Hasyim, S., & Muzakkir, A. K. (2026). The Nature of Mechanism for Enforcing the Ethics and Honor of State Administrators as a Preventive Measure for Corrupt Practices. Cogent Social Sciences, 12(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2620142
Bachmid, F. (2025). Synchronization of the Material Content of Legislation Concerning Connected Corruption Post Constitutional Court Decision Number 87/PUU-XXI/2023. SIGn Journal of Social Science, 5(2), 168-188. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjss.v5i2.583
Bautista-Beauchesne, N. (2021). Correction To: Crafting Anti-Corruption Agencies’ Bureaucratic Reputation: An Uphill Battle. Crime, Law and Social Change, 75, 327-329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10611-021-09948-z
Behuku, J. G., Kusuma, J. I., Chasanah, N. U., Sugianto, F., & Indradewi, A. A. (2025). A The Judge’s Role in the Effectiveness of Anti-Corruption Enforcement in Indonesia: A Juridical Analysis. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 7(1), 351-367. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v7i1.464
Bima, M. R., & Ramadani, R. (2020). Position of Supervisory Board Organ and Its Implications for the Institutional Corruption Eradication Commission. Law Reform, 16(2), 179-197. https://doi.org/10.14710/lr.v16i2.33770
Borlini, L. (2024). Monitoring and Compliance Mechanisms as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool of International Anti-Corruption Cooperation: A Data-Driven Study. International Journal of Constitutional Law, 22(2), 487-513. https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moae033
BPHN. (2023). Analisis dan Evaluasi Hukum Mengenai Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Korupsi (Laporan Akhir). Badan Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Republik Indonesia. https://bphn.go.id/data/documents/laporan_ae_tipikor_november_2023_-_master.pdf
Ceschel, F., Hinna, A., & Homberg, F. (2022). Public Sector Strategies in Curbing Corruption: A Review of the Literature. Public Organization Review, 22(3), 571-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-022-00639-4
David-Barrett, E., Murray, A., Polvi, J., & Burge, R. (2020). Evaluating Anti-Corruption Agencies: Learning from the Caribbean. Journal of Development Effectiveness, 12(1), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/19439342.2020.1745869
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2015 on Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 on the Corruption Eradication Commission (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2015 Number 31, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5661). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-1-tahun-2015
Government Regulation in Lieu of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2022 Number 238, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6841). https://peraturan.go.id/id/perppu-no-2-tahun-2022
Hastian, T., Serah, Y. A., & Hazdan, M. F. (2024). Challenges in Law Enforcement of Land and Forest Fires in West Kalimantan. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 6(2), 387-392. Retrieved from https://jurnal.unismuhpalu.ac.id/index.php/ijhess/article/view/4804
Hutahaean, A., & Indarti, E. (2020). Strategi Pemberantasan Korupsi oleh Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia (Polri). Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 49(3), 314-323. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.49.3.2020.314-323
Imran, I., & Koswara, I. Y. (2023). The Problematics of Determining Investigators for the Corruption Eradication Commission. SIGn Jurnal Hukum, 5(2), 235-248. https://doi.org/10.37276/sjh.v5i2.257
Irwansyah. (2020). Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Mirra Buana Media.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 31 of 1999 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1999 Number 140, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3874). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/432
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2001 on Amendment to Law Number 31 of 1999 on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2001 Number 134, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4150). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/351
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2002 on the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2002 Number 2, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4168). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/299
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 30 of 2002 on the Corruption Eradication Commission (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2002 Number 137, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4250). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/329
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 16 of 2004 on the Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2004 Number 67, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4401). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/17
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2015 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2015 on Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 on the Corruption Eradication Commission Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2015 Number 107, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5698). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1635
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2019 on the Second Amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 on the Corruption Eradication Commission (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2019 Number 197, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6409). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1750
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2021 on Amendment to Law Number 16 of 2004 on the Attorney General’s Office of the Republic of Indonesia (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2021 Number 298, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6755). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1788
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2023 on the Penal Code (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 1, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6842). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1818
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2023 on Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation Into Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2023 Number 41, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6856). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/1825
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2025 on the Criminal Procedure Code (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2025 Number 188, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 7149). https://dpr.go.id/dokumen/jdih/undang-undang/detail/2011
Lutfi, M., Ramadhita, R., Septiani, S., & Nur, A. I. (2023). Enhancing the Supervisory Board of the Corruption Eradication Commission: Insights from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom, and European Union. Yustisia, 12(3), 278-293. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v12i3.71785
Manalu, A. S., & Siahaan, S. F. H. T. (2022). Independensi Penegak Hukum dan Pengawasan Preventif dalam Penegakan Hukum di Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 70/PUU-XVII/2019. Jurnal Konstitusi dan Demokrasi, 2(2), 115-131. https://doi.org/10.7454/jkd.v2i2.1207
Nasuha, R. P., & Isharyanto, I. (2024). Independensi Komisi Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi (KPK) Pasca Perubahan Undang-Undang KPK. Res Publica: Jurnal Hukum Kebijakan Publik, 8(1), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.20961/respublica.v8i1.68866
Pangaribuan, A. (2025). Indonesia’s Criminal Justice System: A Case Study of Inter-Agency Conflict and the Fight for Power. Asian Journal of Law and Society, 12(4), 600-626. https://doi.org/10.1017/als.2025.10018
Paranata, A. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review of Anti-Corruption Policy: A Future Research Agenda in Indonesia. Public Organization Review, 25(3), 1181-1214. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-025-00847-8
Pawe, T., Husen, L. O., & Muzakkir, A. K. (2025). The Paradox of a Rule of Law State: A Critical Reflection on the Dialectic between Discourse and Reality in the Eradication of Corruption in Indonesia. Sovereign: International Journal of Law, 7(1-2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.37276/sijl.v7i1-2.56
Price, D. (2024). Political Revenge? Downgrading Indonesia’s KPK from Hero to Villain. Politics and Governance, 12, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.7907
Qamar, N., & Rezah, F. S. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum: Doktrinal dan Non-Doktrinal. CV. Social Politic Genius (SIGn). https://books.google.co.id/books?id=TAQHEAAAQBAJ
Sahroni, A., & Arumbinang, M. H. (2024). Reformulate Supervisory Mechanism of the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission, Why and How? Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 12(3), 558-571. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v12i3.1558
Sakib, N. H. (2020). Institutional Isomorphism of Anti-Corruption Agency: The Case of Anti-Corruption Commission in Bangladesh. Chinese Political Science Review, 5(2), 222-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41111-020-00143-4
Sampara, S., & Husen, L. O. (2016). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Kretakupa Print.
Syahuri, T., Saleh, G., & Abrilianti, M. (2022). The Role of the Corruption Eradication Commission Supervisory Board within the Indonesian Constitutional Structure. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2035913
Tauda, G. A., Huda, N., & Omara, A. (2023). Theoretical Reconstruction of the ’Existence of the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission and Its Comparison to Other Anti-Corruption Agencies in Asia. Padjadjaran: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law), 10(2), 172-193. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v10n2.a2
Xu, J., & Xu, J. (2024). Differential Public Support and the Independence of Anti-Corruption Agencies. European Political Science Review, 16(1), 72-93. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1755773923000231
Yustia, D. A., & Arifin, F. (2023). Bureaucratic Reform as an Effort to Prevent Corruption in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2166196
Yusuf, D. M. M., Nopen, N., Fatriah, S. H., Sitohang, R., Hamide, H., Pratama, D. Y., Sahfana, N. S., Nahda, S., Habeahan, I., Wahyudi, E., Andrika, M. R., & Danu, R. R. (2025). Persinggungan Kewenangan Polri dan KPK dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Korupsi: Analisis Yuridis. Jurnal Ilmiah Advokasi, 13(2), 752-762. https://doi.org/10.36987/jiad.v13i2.6374
Copyright (c) 2026 Temmy Hastian, Klara Dawi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
